南方三省(区)南洋楹气候区划的研究

选择纬度、经度以及16个与水热状况有关的气象因子进行R型主成分分析,用前5个主成分坐标值进行模糊ISODATA聚类分析,将研究区划分为3类;用逐步判别分析建立了各类的判别函数式,回判准确率为91.81%;结合模糊相似优先比的结果,将研究区区划为南洋楹适宜发展区、南洋次适宜发展和南洋楹控制发展区3个气候区.     

东北地区主要植物种子特征及扩散类型

论述了东北东部地区主要植物种子的特征,以及具有这些特征的种子所特有的扩散方式、特点与类型。     

响沙成因问题探讨

响沙是一种自然现象 ,而沙层水分状态是影响响沙成因的关键因素。文章提出响沙临界水分的概念和响沙成因的水分控制理论 ,同时对响沙的种种现象做出了合理的解释     

美国山核桃的品种适应性及其影响因素

介绍了美国山核桃的天然分布区气候特征、对环境条件的要求、抗寒性、抗病性、抗虫性及其影响因素，以及美国山核桃引种栽培区划等方面的内容，以期为科学引种和生产应用提供参考。     

兴凯湖地区东方白鹳迁徙动态及其停歇地环境条件研究

于2002年3～5月、9～11月对途经黑龙江省兴凯湖自然保护区的东方白鹳种群数量和停歇地环境条件进行研究的结果表明：东方白鹳春季迁徙的首见期3月5日，末见期4月10日，迁徒持续期5～7天，大多作1～3天的短暂停留后便继续北飞。秋季东方白鹳在9月15日至10月5日陆续迁到，11月上旬迁离，迁徙持续期35～60天，停歇期达35～60天。东方白鹳迁徙活动受风速、气温、降雨等天气影响。喜栖湿草甸、浅水湖泡及湖泡中的“塔头”。取食鱼类，两栖、爬行动物及鼠类，且以鱼类食为主。本文提出了进一步研究和保持东方白鹳迁徙停歇地的措施。     

理论生长方程对杉木人工林林分直径结构的模拟研究

理论生长方程在林分直径结构领域的应用具有重要的理论和实践意义。为探寻影响理论生长方程模拟性能好坏的内外机制，从而有所选择和鉴别地使用理论生长方程，本文从林分及方程两个角度出发进行了探讨。结果表明：年龄、立地、密度、间伐强度等因素对Richards等6种生长方程模拟精度影响不明显，而不同方程间的模拟精度差异极明显；林分直径累积分布曲线的拐点存在一个主要区间(0．4～0．6)，生长方程拐点的取值情形与方程模拟精度的大小密切相关，方程最佳拟合曲线的有效拐点区间愈大、拐点精确度愈高，拐点有效性越大，则方程模拟精度越高。     

地带性木本植物群落功能型的水热分布格局

植物功能型是对环境条件做出相似的反应和对关键生态学过程具有相似影响的植物组合.不同功能型植物对生态系统过程的作用不同,通过植物功能型的分析对揭示生态系统功能至关重要.甘肃省境内5种地带性木本植物群落(亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林、暖温带落叶阔叶林、温带针阔混交林、寒温性针叶林和荒漠旱生灌木群落)依据植物体的高度、叶片的生长对策及果实类型可划分出23种功能型.其分布格局与水热因子的相关分析表明:1)湿热的生境利于乔木、大灌木、藤木、寄生植物和常绿植物及翅果、坚果、核果、NFDA5NFDA6果、颖果类植物的发育,干冷生境利于灌木、小灌木和落叶植物以及蒴果类植物的发育.2)干果类和肉果类的成因可能与植物生长环境中水分供应状况密切相关,即潮湿的生境利于肉果类植物的发育,干旱的生境有利于干果类(如胞果)的发育.3)研究区域地带性木本植物群落物种丰富度和功能型的丰富度格局主要受制于水分梯度影响,而良好的水热组合可孕育木本植物群落最丰富的果实类型.     

北京八达岭人工油松林地表枯死可燃物负荷量研究

地表枯死可燃物负荷量多少是森林火灾发生的基础。调查八达岭林场不同地形条件下油松林地表枯死可燃物和林分因子,取得42块样地资料;用线性相关分析法对各因子与地表枯死可燃物负荷量进行分析,平均树高、坡度和海拔与对应负荷量有显著线性关系;应用多元线性回归中的逐步回归剔除法,建立了估测模型,除平均胸径外,平均树高、密度、郁闭度、海拔、坡度被引入,经检验回归显著,该估测模型可用于其它油松林地表可燃物负荷量估测。     

Palms in Indigenous and Settler Communities in Southeastern Ecuador: Farmers’ Perceptions and Cultivation Practices

Most palms used in agroforestry systems are exploited from wild stands or are only occasionally cultivated, while only a few palms have been domesticated. In this study we investigated how socio-economic factors and people's perceptions of changes in palm use and availability, influenced palm cultivation among indigenous Shuar and mestizo settlers in south-eastern Ecuador. We also looked at how different uses of palms influenced which species they cultivated. Our results showed that perceptions of declining palm availability in combination with heavy reliance on palm products was positively related to palm cultivation. Hence, cultivation was more common in more remote villages where alternative products were hard to get. In addition, palm cultivation was more common among wealthier people and among indigenous people than among recent settlers. This points to a limiting role of assets such as land and to the importance of history and culture with regard to cultivation. It was not possible to identify any single palm use as the primary reason for cultivating a species, but the more uses a species had, the more likely it was to be cultivated. These findings have important implications for development projects that promote cultivation of palms and other long-lived tree crops. They illustrate how market access and lack of necessary assets may undermine cultivation of native species even though these are regarded as important resources.     

Foresters' beliefs about farmers: a priority for social science research in social forestry

This study suggests that one of the most productive (and most neglected) uses of social science research in forestry development projects is to examine foresters' beliefs regarding rural peoples. This suggestion is illustrated with data from the Forestry Planning and Development Project, Pakistan's first nation-wide social forestry project.The operational component of this project, intended to assist small farmers to cultivate trees on their farmlands, ran into immediate difficulties. Many of the foresters involved insisted that small farmers were simply not interested in tree cultivation. A comprehensive base-line study subsequently was carried out to examine the validity of this belief. The results of this study (confirmed by the subsequent experience with the project in the field) varied markedly from the foresters' beliefs.While many of the foresters believed small farmers were opposed to having trees on their farms and would not agree to plant trees under the project, most farmers already had trees on their farms and expressed interest in planting more; while many foresters believed farmers would only be interested in planting large blocks of market-oriented exotics, most farmers requested small plantings of multi-purpose native trees; while many foresters believed farmers would plant trees only for market sale, most farmers requested trees to meet household needs for fuel and timber; and while many foresters did not think that increasing supplies of fuelwood could reduce the burning of dung, all of the evidence provided by the farmers suggested that it would.The disparity between farmer reality and forester belief is attributed to failures on the part of both foresters and social scientists — failure by foresters to distinguish their non-empirical beliefs about farmers from their empirically-based knowledge of trees, and failure by social scientists to recognize the belief systems of foresters as a legitimate and important object of study. Their study comprises three parts: finding out what the foresters think the farmers want, finding out from the farmers what they actually want, and then analyzing and explaining the differences.